Bonjour,
J'utilise un onduleur sur mon réseau domestique afin de protéger mon serveur qui tourne sur FC5. L'onduleur est un MGE Ellipse ASR 600 USBS.
Dans mon cas, la configuration est relativement simple puisqu'il y a qu'une machine qui est géré.
Cela dit, si déjà tu arrives à configurer ta première machine, le reste ne devrait pas être bien compliqué...
Bien entendu, j'ai tout d'abord installé nut et nut-client grâce à yum.
Les fichiers de configuration sont de nut sont placés dans /etc/nut/ :
- ups.conf : pour la configuration du pilote de l'onduleur
- upsd.conf : pour la configuration du démon principal de l'onduleur
- upsd.users : pour gérer qui à accès au démon
- upsmon.conf : pour la configuration du "monitoring" du démon
- upssched.conf : pour la configuration du démon upssched
Il y a également un fichier dans /etc/sysconfig/ups dans lequel il est possible de placer des options pour le démon upsd.
Avec une seule machine, je n'ai pas eu à modifier upssched.conf
Tout d'abord, il faut configurer l'onduleur (port et modèle de l'onduleur) :
Voici mon fichier /etc/ups
# If the UPS is locally attached set it to "yes"
SERVER=yes
# Model of the UPS (filename to call for it, without path)
# Example - one of
# apcsmart - APC SMartUPS and similar
# fentonups - Fenton UPS
# optiups
# bestups
# genericups
# ups-trust425+625
# upsdrvctl
# You MUST change this, or set SERVER to "no"
# To support multiple drivers, set MODEL=upsdrvctl
MODEL=mge-shut
# UPS device - needed if UPS is locally attached
DEVICE=/dev/ttyS0
# Any options to pass to $MODEL
# ex. for my TrippLite UPS, use
# OPTIONS="-t 5"
OPTIONS=
# Any options to pass to upsd
UPSD_OPTIONS=
#
# [End]
Deux choses à remarquer :
- device : /dev/ttyS0
- model : mge-shut dans mon cas
Pour trouver cette info, je me suis servi de ce lien :
http://www.die.net/doc/linux/man/man8/nutupsdrv.8.html
Ici, il s'agit de trouver le bon pilote pour l'onduleur...
On peut maintenant passer à la configuration de nut
Mon fichier /etc/nut/ups.conf
# Network UPS Tools: example ups.conf
#
# --- SECURITY NOTE ---
#
# If you use snmp-ups and set a community string in here, you
# will have to secure this file to keep other users from obtaining
# that string. It needs to be readable by upsdrvctl and any drivers,
# and by upsd.
#
# ---
#
# This is where you configure all the UPSes that this system will be
# monitoring directly. These are usually attached to serial ports, but
# USB devices and SNMP devices are also supported.
#
# This file is used by upsdrvctl to start and stop your driver(s), and
# is also used by upsd to determine which drivers to monitor. The
# drivers themselves also read this file for configuration directives.
#
# The general form is:
#
# [upsname]
# driver = <drivername>
# port = <portname>
# < any other directives here >
#
# The section header ([upsname]) can be just about anything as long as
# it is a single word inside brackets. upsd uses this to uniquely
# identify a UPS on this system.
#
# If you have a UPS called snoopy, your section header would be "[snoopy]".
# On a system called "doghouse", the line in your upsmon.conf to monitor
# it would look something like this:
#
# MONITOR snoopy@doghouse 1 upsmonuser mypassword master
#
# It might look like this if monitoring in slave mode:
#
# MONITOR snoopy@doghouse 1 upsmonuser mypassword slave
#
# Configuration directives
# ------------------------
#
# These directives are common to all drivers that support ups.conf:
#
# driver: REQUIRED. Specify the program to run to talk to this UPS.
# apcsmart, fentonups, bestups, and sec are some examples.
#
# port: REQUIRED. The serial port where your UPS is connected.
# /dev/ttyS0 is usually the first port on Linux boxes, for example.
#
# sdorder: optional. When you have multiple UPSes on your system, you
# usually need to turn them off in a certain order. upsdrvctl
# shuts down all the 0s, then the 1s, 2s, and so on. To exclude
# a UPS from the shutdown sequence, set this to -1.
#
# The default value for this parameter is 0.
#
# nolock: optional, and not recommended for use in this file.
#
# If you put nolock in here, the driver will not lock the
# serial port every time it starts. This may allow other
# processes to seize the port if you start more than one by
# mistake.
#
# This is only intended to be used on systems where locking
# absolutely must be disabled for the software to work.
#
# maxstartdelay: optional. This can be set as a global variable
# above your first UPS definition and it can also be
# set in a UPS section. This value controls how long
# upsdrvctl will wait for the driver to finish starting.
# This keeps your system from getting stuck due to a
# broken driver or UPS.
#
# The default is 45 seconds.
#
#
# Anything else is passed through to the hardware-specific part of
# the driver.
#
# Examples
# --------
#
# A simple example for a UPS called "powerpal" that uses the fentonups
# driver on /dev/ttyS0 is:
#
# [powerpal]
# driver = fentonups
# port = /dev/ttyS0
# desc = "Web server"
#
# If your UPS driver requires additional settings, you can specify them
# here. For example, if it supports a setting of "1234" for the
# variable "cable", it would look like this:
#
# [myups]
# driver = mydriver
# port = /dev/ttyS1
# cable = 1234
# desc = "Something descriptive"
#
# To find out if your driver supports any extra settings, start it with
# the -h option and/or read the driver's documentation.
[mgeups]
driver = mge-shut
port = /dev/ttyS0
desc = "serveur"
Le fichier /etc/nut/upsd.conf
# Network UPS Tools: example upsd configuration file
#
# This file contains access control data, you should keep it secure.
#
# It should only be readable by the user that upsd becomes. See the FAQ.
# =======================================================================
# Access Control Lists (ACLs)
#
# ACL <name> <ipblock>
# ACL myhost 10.0.0.1/32
#
# ACCEPT <aclname> [<aclname>...]
# REJECT <aclname> [<aclname>...]
#
# Define lists of hosts or networks with ACL definitions.
#
# ACCEPT and REJECT use ACL definitions to control whether a host is
# allowed to connect to upsd.
#
# This default configuration only gives access to localhost. To allow
# other hosts or networks to connect, see the documentation and change
# these lines.
ACL all 0.0.0.0/0
ACL porthos 127.0.0.1/32
ACCEPT grant monitor porthos
REJECT all
# =======================================================================
# MAXAGE <seconds>
# MAXAGE 15
#
# This defaults to 15 seconds. After a UPS driver has stopped updating
# the data for this many seconds, upsd marks it stale and stops making
# that information available to clients. After all, the only thing worse
# than no data is bad data.
#
# You should only use this if your driver has difficulties keeping
# the data fresh within the normal 15 second interval. Watch the syslog
# for notifications from upsd about staleness.
Le fichier /etc/nut/upsd.users
# Network UPS Tools: Example upsd.users
#
# This file sets the permissions for upsd - the UPS network daemon.
# Users are defined here, are given passwords, and their privileges are
# controlled here too. Since this file will contain passwords, keep it
# secure, with only enough permissions for upsd to read it.
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Each user gets a section. To start a section, put the username in
# brackets on a line by itself. To set something for that user, specify
# it under that section heading. The username is case-sensitive, so
# admin and AdMiN are two different users.
#
# Possible settings:
#
# password: The user's password. This is case-sensitive.
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# allowfrom: ACL names that this user may connect from. ACLs are
# defined in upsd.conf.
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# actions: Let the user do certain things with upsd.
#
# Valid actions are:
#
# SET - change the value of certain variables in the UPS
# FSD - set the "forced shutdown" flag in the UPS
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# instcmds: Let the user initiate specific instant commands. Use "ALL"
# to grant all commands automatically. There are many possible
# commands, so use 'upscmd -l' to see what your hardware supports. Here
# are a few examples:
#
# test.panel.start - Start a front panel test
# test.battery.start - Start battery test
# test.battery.stop - Stop battery test
# calibrate.start - Start calibration
# calibrate.stop - Stop calibration
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Example:
#
# [admin]
# password = mypass
# allowfrom = admworkstation admhome
# actions = SET
# instcmds = ALL
#
#
# --- Configuring for upsmon
#
# To add a user for your upsmon, use this example:
#
# [monuser]
# password = pass
# allowfrom = bigserver
#
# upsmon master (or upsmon slave)
#
# The matching MONITOR line in your upsmon.conf would look like this:
#
# MONITOR myups@myhost 1 monuser pass master (or slave)
[admin]
password = un_mot_de_passe
allowfrom = porthos
upsmon master
Le fichier /etc/nut/upsmon.conf
# Network UPS Tools: example upsmon configuration
#
# This file contains passwords, so keep it secure.
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RUN_AS_USER <userid>
#
# By default, upsmon splits into two processes. One stays as root and
# waits to run the SHUTDOWNCMD. The other one switches to another userid
# and does everything else.
#
# The default nonprivileged user is set at compile-time with
# 'configure --with-user=...'.
#
# You can override it with '-u <user>' when starting upsmon, or just
# define it here for convenience.
#
# Note: if you plan to use the reload feature, this file (upsmon.conf)
# must be readable by this user! Since it contains passwords, DO NOT
# make it world-readable. Also, do not make it writable by the upsmon
# user, since it creates an opportunity for an attack by changing the
# SHUTDOWNCMD to something malicious.
#
# For best results, you should create a new normal user like "nutmon",
# and make it a member of a "nut" group or similar. Then specify it
# here and grant read access to the upsmon.conf for that group.
#
# This user should not have write access to upsmon.conf.
#
# RUN_AS_USER nutmon
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# MONITOR <system> <powervalue> <username> <password> ("master"|"slave")
#
# List systems you want to monitor. Not all of these may supply power
# to the system running upsmon, but if you want to watch it, it has to
# be in this section.
#
# You must have at least one of these declared.
#
# <system> is a UPS identifier in the form <upsname>@<hostname>[:<port>]
# like ups@localhost, su700@mybox, etc.
#
# Examples:
#
# - "su700@mybox" means a UPS called "su700" on a system called "mybox"
#
# - "fenton@bigbox:5678" is a UPS called "fenton" on a system called
# "bigbox" which runs upsd on port "5678".
#
# The UPS names like "su700" and "fenton" are set in your ups.conf
# in [brackets] which identify a section for a particular driver.
#
# If the ups.conf on host "doghouse" has a section called "snoopy", the
# identifier for it would be "snoopy@doghouse".
#
# <powervalue> is an integer - the number of power supplies that this UPS
# feeds on this system. Most computers only have one power supply, so this
# is normally set to 1. You need a pretty big or special box to have any
# other value here.
#
# You can also set this to 0 for a system that doesn't supply any power,
# but you still want to monitor. Use this when you want to hear about
# changes for a given UPS without shutting down when it goes critical,
# unless <powervalue> is 0.
#
# <username> and <password> must match an entry in that system's
# upsd.users. If your username is "monmaster" and your password is
# "blah", the upsd.users would look like this:
#
# [monmaster]
# password = blah
# allowfrom = (whatever applies to this host)
# upsmon master (or slave)
#
# "master" means this system will shutdown last, allowing the slaves
# time to shutdown first.
#
# "slave" means this system shuts down immediately when power goes critical.
#
# Examples:
#
# MONITOR myups@bigserver 1 monmaster blah master
# MONITOR su700@server.example.com 1 upsmon secretpass slave
MONITOR mgeups@porthos 1 admin mot_de_passe master
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# MINSUPPLIES <num>
#
# Give the number of power supplies that must be receiving power to keep
# this system running. Most systems have one power supply, so you would
# put "1" in this field.
#
# Large/expensive server type systems usually have more, and can run with
# a few missing. The HP NetServer LH4 can run with 2 out of 4, for example,
# so you'd set that to 2. The idea is to keep the box running as long
# as possible, right?
#
# Obviously you have to put the redundant supplies on different UPS circuits
# for this to make sense! See big-servers.txt in the docs subdirectory
# for more information and ideas on how to use this feature.
MINSUPPLIES 1
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# SHUTDOWNCMD "<command>"
#
# upsmon runs this command when the system needs to be brought down.
#
# This should work just about everywhere ... if it doesn't, well, change it.
SHUTDOWNCMD "/sbin/shutdown -h +0"
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# NOTIFYCMD <command>
#
# upsmon calls this to send messages when things happen
#
# This command is called with the full text of the message as one argument.
# The environment string NOTIFYTYPE will contain the type string of
# whatever caused this event to happen.
#
# Note that this is only called for NOTIFY events that have EXEC set with
# NOTIFYFLAG. See NOTIFYFLAG below for more details.
#
# Making this some sort of shell script might not be a bad idea. For more
# information and ideas, see pager.txt in the docs directory.
#
# Example:
# NOTIFYCMD /usr/local/ups/bin/notifyme
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# POLLFREQ <n>
#
# Polling frequency for normal activities, measured in seconds.
#
# Adjust this to keep upsmon from flooding your network, but don't make
# it too high or it may miss certain short-lived power events.
POLLFREQ 5
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# POLLFREQALERT <n>
#
# Polling frequency in seconds while UPS on battery.
#
# You can make this number lower than POLLFREQ, which will make updates
# faster when any UPS is running on battery. This is a good way to tune
# network load if you have a lot of these things running.
#
# The default is 5 seconds for both this and POLLFREQ.
POLLFREQALERT 5
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# HOSTSYNC - How long upsmon will wait before giving up on another upsmon
#
# The master upsmon process uses this number when waiting for slaves to
# disconnect once it has set the forced shutdown (FSD) flag. If they
# don't disconnect after this many seconds, it goes on without them.
#
# Similarly, upsmon slave processes wait up to this interval for the
# master upsmon to set FSD when a UPS they are monitoring goes critical -
# that is, on battery and low battery. If the master doesn't do its job,
# the slaves will shut down anyway to avoid damage to the file systems.
#
# This "wait for FSD" is done to avoid races where the status changes
# to critical and back between polls by the master.
HOSTSYNC 15
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# DEADTIME - Interval to wait before declaring a stale ups "dead"
#
# upsmon requires a UPS to provide status information every few seconds
# (see POLLFREQ and POLLFREQALERT) to keep things updated. If the status
# fetch fails, the UPS is marked stale. If it stays stale for more than
# DEADTIME seconds, the UPS is marked dead.
#
# A dead UPS that was last known to be on battery is assumed to have gone
# to a low battery condition. This may force a shutdown if it is providing
# a critical amount of power to your system.
#
# Note: DEADTIME should be a multiple of POLLFREQ and POLLFREQALERT.
# Otherwise you'll have "dead" UPSes simply because upsmon isn't polling
# them quickly enough. Rule of thumb: take the larger of the two
# POLLFREQ values, and multiply by 3.
DEADTIME 15
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# POWERDOWNFLAG - Flag file for forcing UPS shutdown on the master system
#
# upsmon will create a file with this name in master mode when it's time
# to shut down the load. You should check for this file's existence in
# your shutdown scripts and run 'upsdrvctl shutdown' if it exists.
#
# See the shutdown.txt file in the docs subdirectory for more information.
POWERDOWNFLAG /etc/killpower
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# NOTIFYMSG - change messages sent by upsmon when certain events occur
#
# You can change the stock messages to something else if you like.
#
# NOTIFYMSG <notify type> "message"
#
# NOTIFYMSG ONLINE "UPS %s is getting line power"
# NOTIFYMSG ONBATT "Someone pulled the plug on %s"
#
# Note that %s is replaced with the identifier of the UPS in question.
#
# Possible values for <notify type>:
#
# ONLINE : UPS is back online
# ONBATT : UPS is on battery
# LOWBATT : UPS has a low battery (if also on battery, it's "critical")
# FSD : UPS is being shutdown by the master (FSD = "Forced Shutdown")
# COMMOK : Communications established with the UPS
# COMMBAD : Communications lost to the UPS
# SHUTDOWN : The system is being shutdown
# REPLBATT : The UPS battery is bad and needs to be replaced
# NOCOMM : A UPS is unavailable (can't be contacted for monitoring)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# NOTIFYFLAG - change behavior of upsmon when NOTIFY events occur
#
# By default, upsmon sends walls (global messages to all logged in users)
# and writes to the syslog when things happen. You can change this.
#
# NOTIFYFLAG <notify type> <flag>[+<flag>][+<flag>] ...
#
# NOTIFYFLAG ONLINE SYSLOG
# NOTIFYFLAG ONBATT SYSLOG+WALL+EXEC
#
# Possible values for the flags:
#
# SYSLOG - Write the message in the syslog
# WALL - Write the message to all users on the system
# EXEC - Execute NOTIFYCMD (see above) with the message
# IGNORE - Don't do anything
#
# If you use IGNORE, don't use any other flags on the same line.
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RBWARNTIME - replace battery warning time in seconds
#
# upsmon will normally warn you about a battery that needs to be replaced
# every 43200 seconds, which is 12 hours. It does this by triggering a
# NOTIFY_REPLBATT which is then handled by the usual notify structure
# you've defined above.
#
# If this number is not to your liking, override it here.
RBWARNTIME 43200
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# NOCOMMWARNTIME - no communications warning time in seconds
#
# upsmon will let you know through the usual notify system if it can't
# talk to any of the UPS entries that are defined in this file. It will
# trigger a NOTIFY_NOCOMM by default every 300 seconds unless you
# change the interval with this directive.
NOCOMMWARNTIME 300
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FINALDELAY - last sleep interval before shutting down the system
#
# On a master, upsmon will wait this long after sending the NOTIFY_SHUTDOWN
# before executing your SHUTDOWNCMD. If you need to do something in between
# those events, increase this number. Remember, at this point your UPS is
# almost depleted, so don't make this too high.
#
# Alternatively, you can set this very low so you don't wait around when
# it's time to shut down. Some UPSes don't give much warning for low
# battery and will require a value of 0 here for a safe shutdown.
#
# Note: If FINALDELAY on the slave is greater than HOSTSYNC on the master,
# the master will give up waiting for the slave to disconnect.
FINALDELAY 5
Une fois les fichiers correctement configurés, on peut démarrer le démon :
# /etc/init.d/ups start
Et pour afficher l'état de l'onduleur :
# upsc mgeups@porthos
EDIT : (19/11/06)
Pour afficher l'état de l'onduleur, il faut taper :
# upsc mgeups@localhost
NOTE : les fichiers de configuration ci-dessus sont basés sur mes propres paramètres. Il faudra les adapter à ton cas...
Je me suis basé sur ce tuto pour configurer mon onduleur :
http://fedoranews.org/contributors/kazutoshi_morioka/nut/
Bon courage 😉
